D325 - Canine parvovirus

Description:

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral infection in dogs and cats which is transmitted by oral ingestion of viral contaminated feces. In several studies, scientists indicate the possibility that canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus undergo mutual interspecies transmission between dogs and cats, and it is postulated that they may cause disease in some adventitious hosts. Upon ingestion by the new host it infects local lymph nodes, quickly multiplies and then via the blood moves to the small intestine where signs of the disease begin in approximately 5-6 days. The virus is extremely deleterious to the lining (mucosa) of the small intestine. The surface of the mucosa is stripped away upsetting crucial barriers and interfering with normal balance of digestive enzyme secretion and nutrient absorption. Additionally, the normal bacterial flora of the small intestine which aid in digestion are now exposed to ulcerated mucosa, providing a direct route into the blood stream. Fluid loss from both vomiting and diarrhea is dramatic and dehydration ensues. The onslaught of bacteria and toxins into the blood will ultimately cause death.
The incidence of the disease is highest in young dogs and tends to start some time after the puppy has lost its maternal protection passed on at birth with the first milk (colostrum). Any age can be infected but, most dogs are infected between the ages of 2-6 months when maternal antibody decreases below a protective level in the puppy. Signs of the disease usually are mild to nonexistent. However, a full blown case of parvovirus untreated can easily be fatal. Certain breeds such as Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, and possibly black Labrador retrievers.seem to be more sensitive to the disease which may have a correlation with their immune system.

Diagnosis:

PCR test is available for parvovirus infection testing. The test is specific to wild type canine parvovirus, and will not cross-react with any vaccine parvovirus.

Sample:

1. Whole blood (3 ml) in a lavender top (EDTA) tube.
2. Feces in a sterile container.

Special Handling:

Store sample at 4°C until pick up or shipment.

Test Code:

D325

1. Mochizuki et al. (1998) Isolation of canine parvovirus from cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2101-2105.