DNA Test for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

The American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine believe that testing and identifying infected cats is the only means to control FIV infections and the mainstay of managing FeLV infections. HealthGene offers fast and accurate DNA testing for these viruses. FIV is similar in structure to the human immunodeficiency virus, but these two viruses are not infective between cats and humans. FIV is common worldwide, and its prevalence varies with geographic location. Across Canada and USA, the seroprevalence of FIV in cats at high risk of exposure and in clinically ill cats ranges from about 4% to 24%, with no apparent regional differences. FIV is transmitted primarily through bite wounds inflicted during cat fights. In the earlier stages of the disease, cats may experience vague symptoms such as recurrent fevers, anemia and weight loss. As the disease progresses, chronic secondary infections develop, including upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial infections of the bladder and kidneys, and severe, progressive infections of the gums. It is important to test all cats for FIV, as it is the only way to control disease by preventing exposure to infected cats. Due to a limited expression of virus antigens, diagnosis of FIV is based on the detection of antibody and therefore only works in infections that have stimulated detectable antibodies. Detection of antibodies does not mean clinical disease; many cats with antibodies have latent infections. The DNA test detects the genetic material of FIV after it has integrated into the host’s genome, and is the only test available, which confirms infection, rather than exposure. A positive DNA test is positive for FIV infection. The cat has not only been exposed to FIV, but has become infected. Cats with positive DNA test should be considered a source of the virus, and it should be noted that FIV positive cats might survive for months to years.

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