D333 - Feline calicivirus

Description:

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is primarily a problem in multiple-cat environments. FCV infection most commonly affects the upper respiratory tract (pneumotropic form) and occasionally causes joint pain and lameness (rheumatic form). Feline calicivirus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a worldwide distribution affecting domestic felids and a few wild felid species. Infection is acquired by ingestion or inhalation of infectious virus present in saliva and excretions from affected cats. The oral route of infection is most important, and direct contact with infected cats or viral contaminated fomites is the primary method of transmission rather than aerosolized particulates.
Kittens are more likely to be affected than adult cats. Viral replication mainly occurs in the oral and respiratory tissues, although there are some differences between strains. Some have a predilection for the lung, and others have been found in the macrophages within the synovial membrane of joints. Virus may also be found in visceral tissues, feces, and occasionally in urine. Vesicles and erosions of the tongue, hard palate, and nasal planum occur in many affected cats. Healing takes place over 2 to 3 weeks. Recovered cats often remain lifelong carriers of FCV and are a continuing source of infectious virus for susceptible individuals in multiple-cat environments. In some experimental studies, most cats were shedding Feline calicivirus 30 days after infection, and by 75 days approximately 50% of cats were still shedding. PCR test on oropharyngeal swabs will be very helpful for the monitoring of viral shedding. Feline calicivirus carriers are very common despite vaccination. Vaccination protects against disease but not infection or carrier stage.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis may be attempted on the bases of clinical signs alone. For example, predominantly oral ulceration might indicate Feline calicivirus. Conformation diagnosis of FCV can be made by PCR test. Oropharyngeal swabs should be taken from the cat, ideally in the first week of illness, and sent within 24 hours to the laboratory. Blood samples also can be submitted. Serology is generally not helpful in the diagnosis of Feline calicivirus infection because of widespread antibody from vaccination.

Sample:

1. Oropharyngeal swab.
2. Whole blood (3 ml) in a lavender top (EDTA) tube.

Special Handling:

Store blood sample and swab at 4°C until pick up or shipment.

Test Code:

D333